Training and Developing Employees Free Essays

Preparing and Developing Employees Multiple Choice: 1. When workers have been enlisted and chosen, the subsequent stage would be: a. order and guiding. We will compose a custom exposition test on Preparing and Developing Employees or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now b. direction and preparing. c. recruiting and terminating. d. socialization. 3. The continuous procedure of imparting in all representatives the overarching mentalities, guidelines, qualities, and examples of conduct that are normal by the association and its areas of expertise is: a. values projection. b. direction. c. socialization. d. decent variety preparing. 5. There is the genuine chance that courts will locate that an employee’s handbook substance speak to an/an: a. alsified archive. b. contract with the worker. c. deficient record. d. ambiguous report. 7. Preparing of a drawn out nature that has the advancement of present or future administration workers as its point is normally alluded to as: a. the board assessment. b. the board advancement. c. the board games. d. the executives contextual analyses. 8. With the end goal for firms to remain serious when preparing and improvement destinations change, they need to adjust by playing out the accompanying changes, aside fr om: a. improving item quality. b. boosting efficiency. c. hanging innovation. d. expanding worker turnover. 15. The initial phase in a preparation program is to direct: a. preparing assessment. b. preparing needs examination. c. hands on preparing. d. work guidance preparing. 17. A method for assessing the exhibition of current representatives to decide if preparing could diminish execution issues like overabundance scrap or low yield is: a. task investigation. b. execution investigation. c. preparing investigation. d. inspiration investigation. 22. The primary concern that should come about because of deciding preparing needs is: a. xcellent work execution. b. execution examination. c. task investigation. d. quantifiable preparing goals. 25. An organized procedure by which people become talented specialists through a mix of homeroom guidance and hands on preparing is alluded to as: a. work guidance preparing. b. apprenticeship preparing. c. vestibule preparing. d. modernized prepar ing. 32. A preparation method where students learn on the real or mimicked hardware they will use at work, however in which the learners are really prepared off the activity, is: a. n-the-work preparing. b. off-the-work preparing. c. reenacted preparing. d. real preparing. 37. With a workforce that is getting progressively varying, a lot more firms discover they should execute: a. cooperation preparing programs. b. assorted variety preparing programs. c. esteem preparing programs. d. experimentation preparing programs. 39. Coming up next are points of the administration improvement process, with the exception of: a. evaluating the company’s needs. b. assessing the manager’s execution. c. building up the supervisors themselves. d. improving the industry’s execution. 1. An administration preparing procedure that includes moving a learner from office to office so as to expand his/her experience and recognize solid and feeble focuses is called: a. worldwide turn. b. activity learning. c. work enhancement. d. work pivot. 43. In this administration preparing strategy, the learner works straightforwardly with the individual that he/she is to supplant. What is this method called? a. Substitution approach b. Instructing/understudy approach c. Progression arranging d. Direct substitution approach 46. An off-the-work the executives advancement strategy that includes giving a learner a composed depiction of a hierarchical issue is called a(n): a. activity learning program. b. contextual investigation technique. c. the executives game. d. training/understudy approach. 47. Coming up next are includes for the situation study technique, with the exception of: a. personnel giving the right answer so understudies comprehend the case. b. the utilization of real authoritative issues. c. members expressing their perspectives and inquisitive into others’ sees. d. an insignificant inclusion by the employee. 3. A forthcoming division supervisor with a hole in involvement in budgetary controls may pursue a two-course succession in: a. creation control. b. administrative bookkeeping. c. operational procedures. d. administrative control. 55. A preparation program in which students are first indicated acceptable administration strategies (in a film), are then approached to assume jobs in a reproduced circumstance and are given input and recognition by their chief is called: a. conduct demonstrating. b. pretending. c. genuine model preparing. d. contextual investigation strategy. 58. A few bosses have in-house improvement places for directors and workers that would incorporate the accompanying, aside from: a. homeroom learning. b. in-bushel works out. c. work examination programs. d. pretending. 61. A hierarchical improvement strategy that includes reviewing employees’ perspectives and giving input to departmental chiefs with the goal that issues can be understood by the administrators and workers is called: a. survey investigation. b. journal logs. c. overview criticism. d. affectability preparing. Article: 1New worker direction has been appeared to have quantifiable and constructive outcomes on representative maintenance and fulfillment. Notwithstanding this, numerous associations don't have a formalized direction process, and every worker gets an alternate direction to the association. Clarify why you accept associations do this. Layout how you would, as another HR supervisor, persuade the executives to actualize new representative directions. 2. The book recorded various administration improvement strategies. Which one do you accept is the best? Guard this decision and balance it with in any event three different methods. Answers 1. b 3. c 5. b 7. b 8. d 15. b 17. b 22. d 25. b 32. c 37. b 39. d 41. d 43. b 46. b 47. a 53. b 58. c 61. c The most effective method to refer to Training and Developing Employees, Papers

Abortion :: essays research papers

A long time back when a ladies would get pregnant she would have an infant. Today unplanned pregnancies are tackled by a technique called fetus removal. With this strategy the recently framed baby is essentially expelled from the mother’s body and crushed. Despite the fact that the entire procedure of having a premature birth appears not particularly wonderful, they appear to be well known. Numerous individuals contend that fetus removal is straightforward homicide. They reason that if a lady feels dependable enough to have intercourse, she should be mindful enough to manage the results. Regardless of what the conditions might be. The fourteenth amendment expresses that no state will deny any individual of life, freedom, or property without a valid justification and a reasonable preliminary. Professional life supporters utilize the way that in the United States constitution it unmistakably expresses that nobody can slaughter any other individual without fair treatment to battle against premature births. They reason that we should follow the entirety of different revisions so for what reason do we not completely follow the fourteenth? The unborn infant has an established right to life except if fair treatment of the law is placed into impact. Be that as it may, in what capacity can fair treatment be in actuality when the infant can not justify itself with real evidence? Fundamentally star life supporters contend that the child can not be slaughtered in light of the fact that it has the established right to life. Non-premature births advocates additionally contend that premature births get utilized too normally as a type of anti-conception medication. They accept that premature births are placed into a similar class as the â€Å"pill† and the Depo-Provera shot. They likewise accept that while premature births are legitimate thus accessible, individuals don't consider unprotected to be as genuine as they should. Ladies may agree to un-secured sex in such a case that they become pregnant they figure they can generally simply go get a premature birth. Professional life supporters accept that premature births are a basic way out of a muddled issue. Be that as it may, the illegalization of fetus removal may welcome on numerous results. On the off chance that somebody falls survivor of assault and becomes pregnant it isn't reasonable for make them keep the kid. The mother would obviously adore the youngster, yet with that would come a type of abhor. The facts demonstrate that one should assume liability for their activities, yet assault is no activity of their own. Assault is a demonstration of savagery and no ladies ought to must have an infant out of it. As a ladies I concur that I, and just I, should settle on the choice of rather to have a fetus removal or to not have one.

IAP=Watermelon in January

IAP=Watermelon in January 10. I was doing physics:   My computer reminded me of what were all thinking. Independent Activities Period (IAP) is long gone - You, like myself, may be wondering why it’s been so long since I last updated you with anything. It’s definitely not because I’ve decided to relax too much and lead a quiet, uneventful life, let me assure you. IAP came and went and all throughout it, my writing voice remained as silent as the sudden, somber, and “I’m so old” realization that classes started already. [omigoshnomorepass/norecord] Already. already. So without further ado, my top 10 excuses for neglecting my blog-ly duties: 10. I was doing physics:   During IAP you’re only allowed to take 2 classes for credit. I took 8.01L, which is a version of physics you could take that starts in the fall and runs through IAP. The labs were pretty awesome themselves, but the computers on which we did labs had this awesome desktop image. 9. I was working on this: It’s a wind turbine (nicknamed velociwind) that my team and I built as part of the Momentum Program. Momentum focuses on teaching engineering design every year with different themes. This year’s topic was Portable Windmills.  At the end of IAP, each team gives a presentation in front of a panel of judges composed of representatives from companies who then offer interviews to students for a chance at a summer internship. Momentum was a truly amazing experience. I learned how NOT to epoxy my hair by accident, how to deal with messing up a prototype more times than I expected, and that engineering is basically a big game of trial and error, but a fun game nonetheless. 8. I took a nice little road trip with my big,     Colleen ’14: (Because she is mega baller and has a car.) When I told her I didn’t know what Friendly’s was, the first thing she did was pick a day that we could go to one together so I could culture myself in the world of eateries. We ended up taking a 1.5 hour drive to one (because,well, GPS lies sometimes xD). Along the way, I saw a wind turbine, which made me happy because everything in my world seemed relevant all of a sudden. Props to you if you can see it! (Apologies for less-than-clear pictures. Lets just say it gives them charactermy cameras been through a lot, you see.) 7. PEOPLE: Don’t even try to tell me that blogging is more important than celebrating awesome people’s birthdays and rightly rewarding them with cake. (My floor would agreeâ€"Happy Birthday, again, Jess ’15! ) 6. Clearly, mastering the art of wearing a sleeping mask: was important too, as Saulo ’15 stylishly demonstrates. Ah, yes. Sleep and I were reunited at last.    5. I needed watermelon: I painstakingly dragged  watermelon and lots more food from Shaws to [seemingly] the ends of the earth in a cart over impossible, snow-covered, rocky terrain with Nathasha ’15. We left evidence of our journey, though no trace of watermelon could be found within a few hours. 4. I went to the beach: After my last IAP class was officially over.  I took the T. The winter didn’t stop me. Frozen sand is quite aesthetically pleasing, yo. 3. XKCD Hack: Reading through 1000 XKCD comics would take a long time. I wont answer the question of whether or not I read them all. 2. 2. Record-Breaking: On the right of our suite-board you will see a list of movies successfully watched by people in my suite during IAP. My suitemates, Hannah ’15, and Vivek ’14â€"I’m proud of their movie-watching skills. They’re hardcore. 1. Food Rescue Mission: For a week, our food was disappearing. No worrieswere not starving anymore. (Nor were we ever) The signs must have been pretty effective. Especially because of the stick-figure with the ink-blob fist. In any case, as part of this food rescue mission that was so important, I baked brownies to celebrate the completion of a very successful IAP. Have a virtual brownie as I conclude my list of excuses, admittedly some more valid than others. Here’s to a semester just as amazing as IAP, but with more blogging!

Eugenics And The Eugenics Movement - 1559 Words

Hell is a road that was paved with good intentions; this clichà © quintessentially describes the eugenics movement. Eugenics is the controlled reproduction of individuals; the main focus of eugenics is to isolate â€Å"good† genes from â€Å"bad† genes (Dolan DNA Learning Center). The main goal of Eugenics is to create a higher quality human race (Dolan DNA Learning Center). This movement became the center of which the twentieth century orbited around. The movement swayed numerous significant policies, which were implemented within the United States, ranging from immigration to sterilization (Selden). What is truly unsettling is the radical nature of the eugenics movement, which was originally founded with good intentions by Francis Galton (Carlson). The Eugenics movement made headway owing to the fact that America was frantic for a solution to social problems and believed that this scientific approach was the solution it yearned for; this is evident from the origin, p urpose, supporters and policies that resulted from eugenics. Eugenics is a taboo science, but back in 1883 it was a modern advancement, discovered by Francis Galton (Carlson). Galton’s original mission was to improve humanity by encouraging the best and healthiest couples to simply have more children; Galton created positive eugenics (Carlson). However, with the positive comes the inevitable negative. Negative Eugenics was more set on preventing the least able from reproducing, in order to preserve the fitness of theShow MoreRelatedEugenics And The Eugenics Movement2789 Words   |  12 PagesMichael Olson 951-36-5231 PS 308 PS 308 Essay Eugenics has always been given such a notoriously bad connotation, and rightfully so. Eugenics is essentially the belief in controlling the human population by means of improving the gene pool through different processes, and increasing the likelihood of traits which are generally more desirable to the whole of the species. Now that probably sounds familiar, doesn t it? People commonly connect the eugenics movement with the Aryan belief that Hitler infamouslyRead MoreEugenics And The Eugenics Movement1530 Words   |  7 Pagesthat was paved with good intentions†; this clichà © quintessentially describes the eugenics movement. Eugenics is the controlled reproduction of individuals; the main focus is to isolate â€Å"good† genes from â€Å"bad† genes (Dolan DNA Learning Center). The primary goal of Eugenics is to create a higher quality human race and became the center of which the twentieth century orbited around (Dolan DNA Learning Center). The movement swayed numerous significant policies, which were implemented within the UnitedRead MoreEugenics And The Eugenics Movement1512 Words   |  7 PagesEugenics is the pseudoscience of obtaining desired traits in a population through controlled repopulation, specifically by preventing those deemed â€Å"unfit† by â€Å"Nordic stereotypes† from breeding. Most modern day Americans do not realize the origins of eugenics, which was planted by Charles Darwin and Sir Francis Galton and bloomed in America, and what effect it had on the attempt to create a master race in Nazi Germany. America played a very influential role in German eugenics by collaboration betweenRead MoreEugenics And The Eugenics Movement3686 Words   |  15 Pagesshould come as no surprise that eugenics follows this same guideline in human history. A term originally coined by Francis Galton, first cousin to Charles Darwin, eugenics simply means that the â€Å"best people† in society with the most â€Å"healt hy† â€Å"normal† genes should continue to reproduce and pass on their â€Å"goodness† to the next generation, while the individuals with the â€Å"unhealthy† genes should be discouraged from having any children (Allen 2001:59). With movements beginning in the early 20th centuryRead MoreThe Eugenics Movement1101 Words   |  5 Pagesunder Jim Crow laws, Native Americans were forced into reservations and all of the new immigrants were in crowded ghettos. Those that were a race other than White were at â€Å"the bottom of the social and political hierarchy.† One of the aims of the Eugenics Movement was racial purification. Using the concept of Mendelian genes, scientists would try to breed the best, smartest, most talented, most beautiful and always white individuals and breed out the worst and weakest colored individuals. Mixed race peopleRead MoreThe Eugenics Movement Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted a movement known as â€Å"The Eugenics M ovement.† The idea of eugenics was eventually picked up by Germany, China, Peru, India and Bangladesh. The movement is still in effect till this day; however, it is not as prevalent as it once was. The beginning of the Eugenics Movement all started at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. The United States coined the term Eugenics from Great Britain in the early 1900s. In the year 1910, a man by the name of Charles B. Davenport founded the Eugenics Records OfficeRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Eugenics Movement2285 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen decreased 90 percent due to genocide, diseases, etc.) ? Did you know that there was a sterilization movement in the United States that found success in getting their laws passed in state legislation? These less well-known facts are quite similar to actions carried out by the Nazis, such as the holocaust and the sterilization movement that took place in Germany during the 1930’s. Nazi Eugenics and racism was not a unique instance but rather part of a larger global trend of justifying racism throughRead MoreThe Science Of Eugenics Movement1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe science of eugenics was widely used during the 20th century in the United States to strategically eliminate the reproductive rights of women who were deemed inferior on the social ladder (â€Å"What is Eugenics?†). Some women of color, women with disabilities, and women from lower financial classes were sterilized for permanent birth control, and sometimes without their consent or knowledge (â€Å"What is Eugenics?†). The eugenics movement was aimed to promote selective human features in order to increaseRead MoreRace And The Eugenics Movement987 Words   |  4 PagesRace matters! Race has been probably the most dominating factor beneath the eugenics movement and the pseudo scientific experiments the Europeans physicians and scientists conducted on people of African origin and other races since the 18th century. The foundation for these studies can be associated with ancient Greece, the roots of today’s western values of knowledge, civilized, and democracy which are considered to be the basis for human development. Similarly to today ’s Europeans, Ancient EuropeansRead MoreEugenics And The Social Movement1770 Words   |  8 PagesEugenics is defined as the social movement that claims to improve the genetic features of human populations through selective breeding and sterilization, The word Eugenics is basically selective breeding and it is a Greek word for good birth which was made in the late 1800 s by Francis Galton, who is related to the survival of the fittest scientist Charles Darwin. Galton s number one goal was that each generation contain the best people possible. His main fear was that the higher-class people

Native American And African Slaves - 1731 Words

As the Native American population had been decimated by genocide and war, England looked to African slaves to provide them with the necessary labor to harvest tobacco. Although African slaves had the same status as that of an indentured servant, African slaves began to become more and more restricted, losing all human and civil rights. These restrictions were placed on African slaves to protect the rights of the indentured Englishmen, and developed a social/political system based of segregation and discrimination, ultimately leading to the modern ideology of the world, racism. Native Americans were not spared from the stupidity of racial superiority, and like Africans, were forced into slavery. Native American slavery though predominately in the Spanish colonies was used in North America. Though unlike the Mesoamerican slaves, the North American slaves were also the slavers. The colonists of North America lured Native Americans to capture other Native Americans in exchange for trade goods and alliances, forcing Native Americans to choose between being the slaver or the slaved, much like some African tribes. In South America, the Spaniards enticed nearly 100,000 under false promises of riches, and instead enslaved them, forcing them to harvest guano (bird excrements), an export from Peru that had a value of fifteen billion dollars. As slavery spread throughout the New World, much of the African, Chinese, and indigenous culture began to mix together, resulting in a uniqueShow MoreRelatedThe African American Slave Influence On The Beginnings Of American Culture And Native Americans Essay1948 Words   |  8 PagesThe African American slave influence in the beginnings of American culture and technology and Native Americans of the North American Continent were significant in creating America. By revealing the different ways this achieved, we can see the work and techniques that drove the new country and how this created by the political, as well as ideological ramif ications of their labors. With all of these contributions to the new country of the United States, we see that the formation of the world powerRead MoreThe Longstanding Institution of Slavery in the United States Essay670 Words   |  3 Pagesthe natives, but they resisted and were usually successful in escaping. Furthermore, with the decline of indentured servants, the Europeans looked elsewhere for laborers. It is then, within the British colonies, do the colonists turn to the enslavement of Africans. Although Native Americans were readily available and were initially numerous, Africans became the primary slave used in the colonies because the Native American slaves could not fill the colonists labor needs, while the Africans did. Read MoreNative Americans And The New World1261 Words   |  6 PagesBritish, faced many problems with the Native Americans and struggled with ways to coerce them into performing laborious tasks. Labor played a huge role in the New World, it served as income, means needed to survive and really make it in the new colony. Originally, Native Americans who had become trapped performed labor as well as indentured servants who were looking for a passage to the New World, but simply could not afford it. Fundamentally, Native Americans believed the Europeans came in peaceRead MoreEssay on Social Construction of Race1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthe English or whites from the nonwhites. Europeans, Indigenous People, and Africans were all racialized and victimized due to various reasons. Both the Europeans and Indigenous People were treated differently than African American slaves since they had slightly more freedom and rights, but in many ways they are also treated the same. The social construction of race between the Europeans, Indigenous People, and Africans led to the establishment of how one group is different from the other. EuropeansRead MoreThe Individual Rights Of People From 1700-18001098 Words   |  5 Pagesnot always seen as human, such as African Americans, women, and Native Americans. During this period of time, African Americans were not considered human because of their racial background and the color of their skin, and therefore were not given the same rights as white men. Most African Americans came to America to be traded as slaves, considering they were eventually cheaper than white indentured servants and easier to control than Native Americans. Many slaves, unhappy with their lives, wouldRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States Of America951 Words   |  4 Pages Land, labor and capital become important when economically developing a country. In the attempt to develop America, African Americans and minorities have suffered greatly in finding their identity within their history and equality among those who have discovered their individualities. Slaves were usually Africans who were forced into North and South America. Slaves were built into the constitution and then creating the history of the United States of America. For example, there are three main clausesRead MoreNative Americans And The American Colonial Societies899 Words   |  4 PagesNative Americans, English, Africans and other European settlers went through adversity in their plight in trying to establish their own identity in North American Colonial societies. Trade and land were two major components in the fight for power. The Native Americans and the settlers had turmoil; their biggest conflicts were deciding how to delegate land and control trade. New France wanted to take the fur trade away from the Iroquois Confederacy. The Native Americans valued the fur trade becauseRead MoreThe Impacts Of African Americans And Native Americans921 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the 1550’s to the 1850’s the African Americans and Native Americans being enslaved was very catastrophic but greatly benefitted the Europeans. In some ways however the effects of it were good for the African Americans, in such a way that it brought the race together and eventually made people realize that they are the same as everybody else. Same for the Europeans, although at that time it benefitted most of them, the effects could also be very bad, in a way that it brought the civilRead MoreNative Americans During European Settlements With Massive Immigration1493 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Americas. The Native Americans initially provided the labor for the production of goods in the southern colonies. But, with constant evolving trade and the introduction of new products, the labor demand remained unmet. In order to fulfill the labor requirement, the migrants from Europe and England were provided more economic independence, than compared to their native la nd, after the completion of service. On the other hand, in exchange for goods, Africa provided slave labor. These factorsRead MoreDifferent Cultures Of The Colonial South968 Words   |  4 Pagesand cultures. Three distinct cultures influenced and shaped the environment in North America. The three cultures that intermingled had long term effects on one another. The Europeans looking for a better land, they clashed with the Native Americas and they enslaved Africans. In the late sixteenth century England was in a social crisis. The economic growth was unable to keep up with the needs of the population. By the end of the seventeenth century more than half of the population was living below

Mobile Phone Companies Analysis Free Essays

string(270) " also have to be aware of changes in exchange rates, as they operate on a global scale and drastic changes in rates can have a devastating effect on the financial operations of the company if the business do not take appropriate steps to ensure the effects are minimum\." Nokia is a leading mobile device manufacturer globally and has a high market share. Maximum population in India prefers using Nokia handsets as it is user friendly. It can use its customer’s goodwill and loyalty to diversify in the mobile network market in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Companies Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The communications sector in India has transformed into a multi-player and multi-product market that has diverse market size and segments. In order to diversify in to new market, Nokia needs to develop a marketing plan which will give them the idea what factors to be considered before entering the mobile network sector. The marketing plan includes all the factors that need to be undertaken. They are market analysis, competitor analysis, and environmental analysis, and customer analysis, internal and external factors. The mobile network market is growing rapidly and has good opportunities for new entrants to enter market and gain market share. Though there is much opportunity in this market, there are some threats such as threat from existing competitor, high customer churn rates, etc. After conducting a Porter’s 5 forces model on Nokia, I felt a PESTLE analysis would analyse the macro environment of Nokia. These are all the external forces that are out of Nokias’ control but have a significant effect on how the company operates and the strategic decision they make. This model looks at the Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors relating to Nokia and the industry they operate in. To understand the macro environment more this article will study each section in depth. After the completion of planning stage of marketing plan, an organization has to go through next stage which is strategic options. It deals with various key issues that a firm needs to look at. They are marketing objectives, Strategic objectives, Marketing mix, STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) process, Distribution process and Value chain. Nokia was founded over 140 years ago in Finland, and since then has become a global organisation that operates in over 120 countries worldwide. Nokia has also become a market leader in the mobile telecommunications industry and is most known for their mobile phones and Smartphone’s. Although recent competition has affected the market share that Nokia has in the telecommunication industry they still hold a strong  29%(2011) of the market share in a forever changing industry The micro environment is the internal factors that are affected by the customers, staff, shareholders and competitors. The best model for evaluating the micro environment of Nokia is Porter’s 5 forces as this takes into consideration the competitors, customers, suppliers and new entrants. Company Overview: The company was founded in 1865 by Frederick Idestam. The company began a paper mill in Tammerkoski in southern Finland. Frederick Idestam then built another mill by the Nokiavirta River where he gave the name Nokia to the mill in 1871. Originally, the Nokianvirta River was named after a dark furry animal, locally known as the Nokia – a type of marten. Following a major industrial force, the company merges with a cable company (founded by Eduard Polon) and a rubber firm (founded by Arvid Wickstrom) which sets Nokia on the new path of electronics. Nokia’s first electronic device was a pulse analyzer designed for use in nuclear power plants in 1962. Their interest in telecommunication systems began in 1963 when they started developing radio telephones for the army and the emergency services, prior to the manufacturing of televisions, radio phones, data transfer equipment, radio link, analyzers and digital telephone exchange. Nokia will change its production and focus on the telecommunication expertise until it becomes the core of its future work. To move to mobile: In 1979 Mobira Oy was the first phone maker. They begin life as a joint venture between Nokia and leading Finnish television Salora. The Mobile phone revolution started in 1981 with the launch of the first Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) service. The phone industry began to expand rapidly and Nokia introduces its first car phones followed by the portable in 1986. Mobile revolution: In 1992, Nokia decides to focus on its telecommunications business. This happens when Jorma Ollila becomes CEO of Nokia and he chooses to concentrate on telecommunication industry. In the 1990’s, the rubber, cable, and  consumer electronics divisions, were therefore sold. Nokia’s only business turned towards the manufacturing of mobile phones and telecommunications systems. The strategy of Jorma Ollila was to create a new era of telecommunication on a long term vision. 1. PESTLE Analysis of Nokia Political: The Political factors relates to the factors which the government also affects such as government instability or rules and regulations which the business must follow. Nokia have recently moved one of its manufacturing facilities to India, and because of this it is important that Nokia follow the rules and regulations that are set in India, so that they can operate as efficiently as possible. The types of things they will have to be aware of is the minimum wage, the maximum hours a week employees can work and especially the Health and Safety regulations; this is to avoid any bad press or revolt from employees that will ultimately damage the reputation of Nokia both short term and long term. As well as foreign government it is vital that Nokia have a good relationship with their government in Finland, as any political instability such as a change in government or coalition may result in new laws being implemented, which will affect Nokia a lot Economical: Nokia are vital to the Economy in Finland as it currently occupies a third of the market on the Helsinki stock exchange. The organisation is so important to the economy of Finland that the government had to step in when the business, earlier this year Nokia planned job cuts in Finland and with fears of what that would do to the economy the Finnish government stated they were prepared to help find jobs for those who are sacked (Reuters, 2011). Nokia will also have to be aware of changes in exchange rates, as they operate on a global scale and drastic changes in rates can have a devastating effect on the financial operations of the company if the business do not take appropriate steps to ensure the effects are minimum. You read "Mobile Phone Companies Analysis" in category "Papers" The threat of recession  on western economy has also had an effect on the interest rates in banks, which means the cost of borrowing money for business activities has increased and Nokia will need to be aware of the changes in interest rate. Social With Nokia mainly operating in the Western market it is important for them to fully understand the social factors in these markets and the main factor they need to understand is the culture of the society; which is to have the latest and most up to date phone, is considered a key fashion icon. Consumers are always after the most innovative and best looking Smartphone because in today’s culture people are judge on how fashionable they are by their choice of mobile phone. The increasing trend in Smartphone means when consumers purchase new mobile phones less and less consumers are choosing the standard mobiles phones over Smartphone because of the social trend in today’s society. Nokia will be aware of this and may now spend the majority of their efforts developing a Smartphone that can compete with their rivals’ products, in order to keep up with the trends of their consumers. Technological: The technological advances in the industry are vital to the success of any new Smartphone in the market that is continually growing, as the level of competition rises Nokia must ensure that their Smartphones are at the highest level of innovation. With functions such as camera, internet, social networking and email all necessities on Smartphones Nokia will have to think of other functions to help differentiate and stand out from its rivals. As well as function more and more consumers are looking at the software running all the functions as a key indicator of the success and quality of the Smartphone, so Nokia’s alliance with Microsoft for their latest Smartphones seems a very good move as everyone are aware of the technological capabilities of Microsoft and the value they can add to any technological product. In the past Nokia were the market leaders in innovation in the mobile phone industry, however in recent times they have seemed well off the mark and struggle to compete with their rivals. This is why Nokia must consider their position in the industry and attempt to once again become the  market leader by offering a new innovative capability and get to the market before its rivals. Environmental: In today’s culture it is very important for organisations to be seen as environmentally friendly and ethical with its manufacturing, because of the global effect it has on global warming so Nokia must ensure that they operate in an appropriate manner. With mobile phone recycling organisations becoming more and more popular, this demonstrates how important people are regarding it. The main issue with mobile recycling is the disposal of the batteries in the phones as these can become dangerous if not disposed of appropriately. Legal: Intellectual property is the key to any technological business and must be cared for and protected to the fullest amount to ensure the business does not lose out to rivals. Nokia operate in an industry where it is very difficult to have a product that is different to its competitors, when they do release a product with an innovative capability it is vital to protect the rights to it through patents, copyright, trademarks or design to ensure they are not â€Å"stolen† by their competitors. Not only are competitors a threat of intellectual, but Nokia must ensure they do not fall victim to counterfeiters who claim to be a Nokia products but are cheap knock-offs. As Nokia have manufacturing plants in a various countries it is extremely important that they abide by the laws and regulations set by the different countries as the laws will differ depending on the country, these can be employments laws, Health and Safety or even trade restrictions. 2. Marketing strategy of Nokia Nokia is a leading mobile device manufacturer globally and has a high market share. Maximum population in India prefers using Nokia handsets as it is user friendly. It can use its customer’s goodwill and loyalty to diversify  in the mobile network market in India. The communications sector in India has transformed into a multi-player and multi-product market that has diverse market size and segments. In order to diversify in to new market, Nokia needs to develop a marketing plan which will give them the idea what factors to be considered before entering the mobile network sector. The marketing plan includes all the factors that need to be undertaken. They are market analysis, competitor analysis, and environmental analysis, and customer analysis, internal and external factors. The mobile network market is growing rapidly and has good opportunities for new entrants to enter market and gain market share. Though there is much opportunity in this market, there are some threats such as threat from existing competitor, high customer churn rates, etc. MARKETING OBJECTIVES It is defined as, ‘marketing goals that the business must achieve in order to meet its wider business objectives’. Some of the main marketing objectives of an organization are to increase its market share, differentiate its products from competitors, develop brand value among its customers, and introducing new products or services in the market. The strategic objectives of an organization can be measured with the help of BCG matrix. BCG matrix helps to measure an organizations business units or product lines. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS At present, almost everyone uses cell phone. Therefore, the target segment for this market cannot be specific. Nokia needs to target population according to their usage by providing customize service plans so that the customer can select the plan which meets their requirements. They can also segment customers regionally as the usage is much more in urban market. MARKETING MIX It is the most famous marketing term and is used by all organization to target its customers. The elements of marketing mix are the basis of a marketing plan. It includes 4 P’s for products and 7 P’s for services. They are Product, Price, Place, Promotion and extended P’s i.e. Physical evidence, People and Process for services. Product A product is a tangible thing that is sold by an organization to its customers in order to gain market share. To gain market share a firm needs to differentiate its products from competitors, be innovative, and eliminate the products which are not doing well in the market. In case of Nokia, it is a market leader in cell phone market. To gain market share and increase its customer base, Nokia is diversifying into SIM cards market. To differentiate its product from the competitors it has to use various strategies such as mass marketing. The product offered by Nokia i.e. SIM cards can be described with the service that they can offer. Price Price refers to the amount a customer is willing to spend. It is determined by a number of factors such as market share, growth rate, competitor pricing, etc. Nokia has to keep its SIM card prices low in order to penetrate into the mobile network market. They need to offer service plans as per the usage of the customers. While pricing, Nokia needs to keep in mind different segments that they are targeting. For instance, different plan for youngsters, corporate, businesses, SBUs. They also need to constantly update its pricing in order to compete with its competitors. Place It refers to geographical area where the product is placed. It also includes outlets, distribution channel. Nokia needs to make available its SIM cards both in rural and urban areas. It can also use its geographical reach to untap the rural markets which is still not properly covered by the existing competitors. Nokia can also use its customer care centres to sell its SIM cards. Apart from this, they can provide its SIM cards to retailers and dealers. Promotion It represents all the marketing activities that are carried to promote a product in the market. There are various mediums to promote products such as advertisements, hoardings, etc. Nokia can use various mediums to promote its SIM cards. It can use celebrities, advertisements, hoardings, sponsoring events, etc. They can also spread awareness about its SIM cards by using canopies outside colleges. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: Huge market share: Nokia has huge market share in the cell phone sector and therefore can use its image to be successful in the service provider market. World-class technology: Nokia can make use of its world class research and development team to design better network coverage for its sim-cards. Geographical Reach: As Nokia is one of the renowned brands globally, its presence in the market is very high and can use this to provide its sim-cards service to majority of population. Weakness: New in the market: As Nokia is new in the service provider market, it will be difficult to attract customers towards its sim-cards and service plans. High customer churn rate: Due to many competitors in the market and less margin to differentiate the service from competitors, customers switch from one service provider to other if they are not satisfied with its service. Opportunities: Untapped Market: Nokia is new to the service provider market and has an opportunity to explore the market. High market growth rate: As the number of people using mobile phones is increasing rapidly. There is high growth rate in the market. Increase Market Share: Nokia can increase its market share by untapping the service provider market and increasing its customer base. Threats: Competitors threat: Nokia face competitors threat from market leaders such as Airtel, Vodafone and also from new entrant Aircel which has been successful to gain market share within a short period. Global recession: It led to less  amount of disposable income with the customers. Hence, customers think twice before investing his money. Market Saturation: It poses as another threat if the service provider market saturates due to financial crisis caused by recession. 3. Porter’s Analysis I. Threat of new entrants: ââ€"  The mobile phone industry is already a well established market and the threat of a new entrant is quite low, as the technology needed to rival the devices already available is quite advance if they want to differentiate from them. ââ€"  The barriers to entry in the mobile phone industry is high because any new entrants will need high investments in RD, technology and marketing in order to compete with the established organizations. ââ€"  New entrants want to take market share from the larger organisations but Nokia hold 29% of the market share in the industry, the highest market share in the industry. (BBC News, 2011) The threat of new entrants into the mobile phone industry is very unlikely as the start up cost of entering into the market at a high level needs a lot of investments and time to be considered a respectable competitor of the already established organisations. Nokia currently hold a 29% of the entire mobile phone market worldwide and for a new competitor to obtain some of their market will take either a very long term plan or something that is truly innovative and unseen before. This is because realistically the new entrant will need very high investment for RD and marketing, and would not be able to publish positive result for a long time as they try to build a customer base and a name for itself in an established market. In conclusion the threat of new entrants is very low and not a factor which Nokia will have to worry about in the near future. II. Power of suppliers: ââ€"  Although Nokia rely on its suppliers to supply equipment for their advanced mobile phones there are actually a number of large equipment makers, which Nokia could switch to. ââ€"  The software suppliers for their Smartphones are  now Microsoft, who will have a very high bargaining power. ââ€"  As the leading mobile phone company in the industry they are in a very strong position when bargaining with their suppliers. Nokia are in the position where they can bargain and negotiate with any mobile phone hardware maker because there is a high number of equipment suppliers that are readily available to them should their current suppliers attempt to bargain for more money with them. Nokia’s main argument would be the fact that they are a global organisation that has the highest market share in the industry, so the suppliers would not want to lose such an illustrious organisation. On the other hand, Nokia have recently created an alliance with Microsoft for their software which would be considered a major coup for Nokia more than Microsoft. As a result, Microsoft will have a lot of power when negotiating a price and share because the deal is more beneficial to Nokia than Microsoft. In conclusion, there is a moderate threat from the powers of suppliers because although the hardware suppliers have a very low power, Microsoft’s power over the software is very high because they’re very few other organisations who have the expertise and skills to rival Microsoft. III. Powers of buyers: ââ€"  The power that customers have is rising because of the increasing number of choices in the mobile telecommunication industry. ââ€"  With a lot of the Nokia competitors all offering similar packages (e.g. unlimited texts and calls) the industry is very price sensitive with customers seeking out the best value for money. ââ€"  Many of the consumers will also be tied into long term contracts so switching from one handset to another will be difficult and expensive for the consumer, as a result they may not want to change until the contract is finished. The mobile phone industry is a competitive market where the number of choices is very wide, resulting in the consumer having a lot of power because they can choose to go to one of Nokia’s many rivals if they feel Nokia are not good enough. As Nokia do not have a direct store to sell to their consumers, intermediaries such as Carphone warehouse or network stores such as Orange also have other handsets readily available for the consumers, which makes it difficult for Nokia to have a direct impact on the selling of their handsets. As a result this has created a very price sensitive market because consumers will always be on the lookout for the  best deals. In conclusion, the buyers have a high amount of power because of the other handsets they can purchase instead of Nokia. IV. Threats of substitute’s products: ââ€"  Mobile phones are an everyday essential in people’s lives today and people would find it hard to replace, as customers would not be able to be in constant contact when away from the house. ââ€"  On the other hand, it could be said that customers would be able to contact people through others types of media such as social networking websites, email and home telephones. Although staying in constant contact would be hard in customers’ day to day life. ââ€"  However, smart phones are capable of a lot of functions so there are many substitutes if the substitute focuses on one of the functions, e.g. digital camera can take better photos then smart phones, notebooks can surf the web just as effectively and PDAs can plan a day the same way a smart phone can. Mobile phones have become an everyday necessity in peoples’ lives because of the important functions that they can do and are all available in just one handset. No other product has the ability to make phone calls, send messages, surf the web and many more in one device. The idea of being in constant communication with someone at anytime and anywhere makes the mobile phone a very important device to people. On the other hand, a mobile phone can be dissected into the key function where there are substitutes for the functions, such as the camera function on a mobile phone can be substituted for a digital camera which can do a better job than the camera in a mobile phone. In conclusion, the threat of a substitute product is very low due to the fact a mobile phone is no longer just for making calls but for all the other function as well are expected on all mobile phones. So, the only real substitute is to buy all the functions of a mobile phone in the individual products which would not be plausible to carry all around on a person at the same time. Without mobile phones consumers would find it very difficult to replace, as it can offer so much to the consumers all in one device, no matter what the needs of the consumer are. Consumers rely on mobile phones a lot and would not be able to find a substitute that has all the function of a mobile phone. V. Competitive rivalry: ââ€"  Nokia rivals have moved to smart phones and androids while Nokia have only just recently released their first smart phones leaving them trailing their rivals such as Apple and HTC. ââ€"  There is also very little differentiation between the competitors which means any new smart phones in the market, like Nokia Lumia, will find it difficult to tempt existing iphone and HTC customers to switch. ââ€"  Intense competition from large companies such as; Apple, HTC, Blackberry, Sony Ericcson and LG, ect. Nokia operate in an industry where the competition is extremely fierce with high investment in RB and marketing to compete with some of the biggest organisations in the world. This year Nokia’s market share has dropped to 29% and it is forecast to continue to fall because of the rising popularity of the Apple Iphone. After Nokia’s slow move into the Smartphone market it has left them trailing their rivals, and has just released their Lumia range which will find it difficult to compete and win over consumers from their Iphones. In conclusion, competitive rivalry is very high and Nokia must be aware of the threat that competitors have on their business especially with the growing popularity of the Apple iphone and RIM blackberry. The competitive rivalry is the biggest threat to Nokia because in the Smartphone market they are considerably behind and to increase their market share will take a lot of work in a market where some of the biggest names in business operate in such as Apple and Sony. Competitive environments of Nokia For more than a decade, Nokia has been the iconic leader in the industry. However, the iPhone revolution (as well as the growth of a fully vertically integrated and higher next important step in this process of assessing the external environment will be to show the current picture of Nokia’s competitors. Hardware:  hly diverse group like Samsung) has disturbed the industry. The latest data clearly highlighted several crucial points: Firstly, Nokia reported smartphone sales of about US$ 3.4 billion for Q2 2011, while Apple’s iPhone revenue totaled US$ 13.3 billion; this makes Apple the leader  of the industry as it shipped 20 million iPhones. It is also important to understand that the average sale price (ASP) of an iPhone is more than US$ 600, while Nokia reports a smartphone ASP of around US$ 200. Secondly, Nokia was previously the market share leader, having more than one-third of the worldwide smartphone market in Q2 2010. However, one year later, this figure has decreased to only 15.7% and Nokia is the only brand that has lost market share, reporting a negative growth of 30%. The chart above shows the operating profits from the sale of mobile phones among the main vendors. During the second quarter of 2011, Nokia, Motorola, Sony-Ericsson and LG saw losses and did not manage to generate a profit by selling phones. During the same period, RIM and Samsung saw their shares slightly decrease but Apple grew substantially and this company now represents two-thirds of the industry with operating profit of 66.3%. From the same graph, we can also confirm that Motorola and LG are frequently making losses; this may explain why Google bought Motorola last month and why LG is considering exiting the industry before the end of 2011. The chart above clearly confirms that Nokia’s problems are not recent; it shows the change in profit share over a four-year period and we can see that Nokia has slowly lost profits and market shares to Apple. As of September 2011, Apple is currently taking 84% of the profits generated by modern smartphones; this means that Nokia’s main source of revenue is the low-end classic mobile phone. Software: The OS The previous section highlighted the fact that Nokia saw its market share and profits decrease over the last four years, and during the same period, Apple and the iPhone took 84% of the overall profits. By studying the operating system (OS), as well as the applications that are developed by the industry, we will be able to understand how its new competitor, Apple, surpassed the previously successful Nokia. Symbian Symbian v9 was launched in 2005 and in December 2008, Nokia bought Symbian Ltd., the company behind Symbian OS and made it an open source system. Nokia’s Symbian platform market share increased to 47% but in 2010 it started to plateau and is now declining sharply, currently representing less  than 16% of new mobile phone operating systems. Symbian was mostly used by the Nokia Group and other manufacturers like LG, Motorola, Samsung and Sony Ericsson. Symbian remains the most used OS due to its very large installed based (more than 500 million mobile phones). However, Google’s Android has emerged as a significant challenger to the superiority of Symbian by providing a developer-friendly OS combined with better innovative functionalities, a better user interface and coming from a consumer-friendly brand (Android by Google). Android Google’s Android was launched as a free and open source operating system in 2008 and within two years, it grew from having 0% to 21% of the market share. As of 2011, Google’s Android operating system is installed on 130 million devices and it is used extensively by leading smartphone manufactures like Samsung, Motorola and HTC. Windows Phone 7 The Windows Phone 7 was showcased at the beginning of 2010 and represented a significant upgrade to the struggling Windows Mobile 6 OS. Early signs were mixed but the OS was generally well received and Microsoft also created important new features like Zune, Bing, Xbox Live and Windows Marketplace. However, the Windows Phone arrived late on the market in comparison to the Apple iOS or Android and the OS was not free and fully open source. In August 2011, during his keynote speech at the 2011 Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer admitted that Microsoft simply hasn’t gained any traction and that Microsoft has failed. Based on the latest figures from Nielsen, Windows Phone 7 sales only represent 9% of the market, compared to 38% for Android and 27% for the iPhone. In order to picture this incredible landscape modification in terms of the OS, both graphs below show how the top smartphone platform has moved from Symbian to Android in fewer than 4 years. Mobile applications: The previous sections described how the Nokia ecosystem Symbian failed to compete with Apple or Google. In this section, we will see how this issue also affected the developer community and therefore the applications available on Nokia’s mobile phones and smartphones. Firstly, by analysing  the number of applications available in the Nokia application store (called OVI) we can see from the graph below that OVI has only 46,000 applications when Android or Apple have over 300,000 applications. However, we can also see from the same graph that the trend is slowly growing, confirming the idea that some developers remain interested in developing applications on Nokia’s Symbian platform, even though this platform is less competitive than Android or Windows Phone 7. Conclusion: Nokia’s strategy to diversify from cell phone manufacture to Nokia mobile network will be a great success. Moreover, it can use its goodwill and loyalty of people towards Nokia cell phone to use its sim-cards. As majority of service provider’s focus on urban areas, Nokia can use its geographical reach to uncap the rural market. In order to diversify its business in to mobile network market, Nokia needs to make use of its leading mobile phones manufacturer image. As Nokia has build loyalty among its mobile phone users, it can use this for attracting customers towards its SIM cards and thereby gain market share. Also with its world class R D department, it can offer many services to its customers which will help them to differentiate in their service offering from its competitors. For instance, video calling, free roaming, outgoing call restriction, etc. By focusing more on rural market which is untap to a certain extent, Nokia can satisfy its customers in rural areas which most of the existing players are not successful. Also by offering customize service plans to its customers such as offering SmS package, unlimited internet package, Free Hello tune, and so on with minimum price. Nokia can also make tie-ups with existing players such as Airtel, Vodafone, Aircel in order to gain larger market share. It can also offer better deals to customers who are buying Nokia handsets on its SIM cards which will increase its sales as well as customer base. This will help them to develop loyalty among its customers. In order to diversify in to SIM cards segment, Nokia needs to use mass marketing by implementing various promotion strategies such as Advertisements, Hoardings, Sponsoring events, canopies outside colleges and  so on. Nokia also needs to plan its distribution strategy in order to reach to maximum people. They can also use their ‘Connecting People’ tagline in its SIM card, thereby giving additional meaning to it. Thus, to diversify in to SIM card market is a better option for Nokia to increase its market share and revenue. Also this will help them to build larger customer base which will ultimately result in one of the leading brands in the telecommunications industry. .mce-content-body .mce-resizehandle.wildfire-hover { background: rgb(0, 0, 0); }; .mce-content-body [contenteditable="false"] [contenteditable="true"].wildfire-hover { outline: rgb(122, 202, 255) solid 2px; }; .mce-content-body img.wp-media.wildfire-hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); border-color: rgb(114, 119, 124); };a[data-wplink-url-error], a[data-wplink-url-error].wildfire-hover, a[data-wplink-url-error]:focus { outline: rgb(220, 50, 50) dotted 2px; position: relative; }; How to cite Mobile Phone Companies Analysis, Papers

Nature View free essay sample

SUMMARY: Natureview Farm,a Vermont-based producer of organic yogurt with a $13 million revenue ,is the leading yogurt brand sold in natural food stores and has a 24% market share. it has achieved this through its special yogurt manufacturing process and a good rapport with the dairy buyers in the natural foods channel. As of the year 2000, the company faces a financial pressure to increase its sales to $20 million by the end of 2001 due to a planned exit by its venture capital investors . Natureview’s Vice-President of Marketing, Mrs. Christine Walker, faces the immediate decision of whether or not to try and achieve this revenue growth by venturing into the supermarket. PROBLEM STATEMENT: To assess whether NatureView should venture into the supermarket, to achieve the revenue target of $20 million. DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVES: OPTION 1: Expansion of 6 SKU’S of the 8-oz. product line into one or two selected supermarket channel regions. Scenario where two regions (North East and West) have been selected: ANTICIPATED REVENUE FOR THE YEAR 2001 19992000 REVENUE1300000035000000*. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature View or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 74=25900000 COST OF GOODS SOLD (63% OF REVENUE)819000016317000 GROSS PROFIT48100009583000 EXPENSES ADMIN22100004410000 SALES1560000 MARKETING390000390000 R D390000390000 AD IN TWO REGIONS2400000 SKU COSTS (60000*20)1200000 TOTAL45500008790000 NET PROFIT260000 (2%)793000 (3. 06%) Here, 35000000 has been considered to be the absolute, rather than incremental sales because of the following reason. 19992000 SALES VOLUME (IN UNITS)2300000000(3 % growth) 2369000000 SHARE OF SUPERMARKET (97% OF SALES VOLUME)22310000002297930000 ANITCIPATED SHARE OF NATURE VIEW (1. 5% SHARE)34468950 (approximates to 35000000 units) Although the projected revenue figures look positive, there is no definite information on the kind of impact this would have on the natural foods channels. Moreover, this might lead to the dilution of brand value due to the possible existence of two different price points of the same commodity albeit in two different channels. OPTION 2: Expansion of SKU’s of the 32-Oz. size nationally. EXPECTED REVENUE5500000*2. 70 = $14850000 COST OF GOODS SOLD 14850000*100/143. 6 = $10341225. 63 GROSS PROFIT14850000 – 10341225. 63 = $4508774. 3 ADDITIONAL EXPENSES SALES$160000 MARKETING120000*4 = $480000 SKU COSTS (40000*64)$2560000 TOTAL$3200000 NET ADDITIONAL PROFIT$1308774. 3 (11% of the revenues) Notwithstanding the net additional profit, this option is laced with many challenges. Scale required for launching this option is huge and the company doesn’t seem to be prepared to handle the sales and marketing efforts on such a large scale. Training of a new sales force, to achieve full national level distribution in 12 months could be tough. OPTION 3: Introduce 2 SKU’s of children’s multipack into the natural foods channel. Estimated Revenue on incremental sales of 1. Million units: 1800000 * 3. 35 $6197500 Cost of Goods Sold: . 100*6197500/137. 6 = $4503997. 09 Gross Profit margins: $1693502. 90 Additional expenses incurred: Cost of complimentary cases:2. 5/100 * 6197500 = $154937. 5 Marketing expenses: $250000 Profit margin: $5792562. 5 (93% of the estimated revenue) But this figure is sans the cost which would be incurred on Research and Development and on Op erations. This proves to be the most satisfying option, where the target revenue is achieved by a greater margin and without undertaking any ambitious challenges. CONCLUSION: Expansion into supermarkets might have both positive and negative repercussions. Refraining from expansion, would lead to Natureview losing out the first mover’s advantage. Supermarkets are potentially a huge market for organic yogurt, considering 97%of all yogurts were purchased through this channel and 46% of organic food consumers shop at supermarkets. There have been instances of two natural food companies entering supermarkets and increasing the revenues by more than 200%. But in the case of Nature view, current pricing inhibits 58% of consumers from buying organic products. Natureview might have to execute a competitive pricing strategy against non-organic yogurts. However, the expenses associated with it (i. e. the trade promotions and SGAs) are quite expensive. The goal is to obtain an increase in revenues by at least $7M. Costs incurred by expanding into two regions would be around $ 8. 79 million. Expansion into all the 4 regions, would result in even more. There would be a lingering fear of losing out customers, due to the dual pricing of the same products, which would come into play once the products are launched in the super market. Major part of the revenues for Natureview is being generated from 8 oz. . Hence, keeping the channel strategy the way it is, would prove a better proposition in the long run. Expansion by the means of diversifying the product range in the same channel, at present looks like the best option. Strong relationship exists between the natural food retailers, which can be fortified by introducing multi-packs as an option for consumers of the natural food retailers. This can help us to maintain the premium price band positioning, instead of resorting into a price war. Also, no major organizational restructuring would be required in this case.

augustine medical essays

augustine medical essays Jones-Blair Company sells paint and related products throughout select states in the southern United States. Alexander Barrett, president of JBC, is trying to identify the companys best marketing strategy in an environment of declining paint demand. Not only is demand declining, but the company is also faced with increased competition from national companies, such as Kmart, Wal-Mart and Home Depot, who have the ability to mass merchandize their paint products. The paint industry is divided into three segments: architectural, OEM coatings and special-purpose coatings. Currently, Mr. Barrett is faced with maximizing his marketing efforts to best serve the architectural coating segments. A few of the issues that face Mr. Barrett are: Ø Segmentation The company needs to identify its target markets by deciding if their market is urban or rural, household or professional. Each market needs to be evaluated based on size, growth potential and influences of possible buying behavior. Using this information, JBC will be better informed as to which segments will provide the best opportunities to increase sales and therefore increase profits. Ø Opportunities and Threats The current environment possesses many opportunities and threats which will need to be considered when formulating marketing plan. For instance, the competitive pressures as a result of the increased presence of private and store brands sold by national companies could be viewed as a threat or an opportunity depending on the companys decision as to product positioning and which markets they try to capture. Ø Conflicting recommendations from Company officers Mr. Barrett and his officers have been unable to reach a decision in their discussions over marketing strategy. Conflicting proposals from the companys key officers are to add more sales representatives, increase advertising, r ...

Biography of Bonnie and Clyde, Depression-Era Outlaws

Biography of Bonnie and Clyde, Depression-Era Outlaws Bonnie Parker (October 1, 1910–May 23, 1934) and Clyde Barrow (March 24, 1909–May 23, 1934) went on a notorious two-year crime spree during the Great Depression, a time when the American public was hostile toward government. Bonnie and Clyde used that emotion to their advantage: Assuming an image closer to Robin Hoods than to the mass murderers they were, they captured the nations imagination as a romantic young couple on the open road. Fast Facts: Bonnie and Clyde Known For: A notorious two-year crime spreeAlso Known As: Bonnie Parker, Clyde Barrow, the Barrow GangBorn: Bonnie, Oct. 1, 1910 in Rowena, Texas; Clyde, March 24, 1909 in Telico, TexasParents: Bonnie, Henry and Emma Parker; Clyde, Henry and Cummie BarrowDied: May 23, 1934 near Gibsland, Louisiana Early Life: Bonnie Bonnie Parker was born October 1, 1910, in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children to Henry and Emma Parker. The family lived comfortably off her fathers job as a bricklayer, but when he died unexpectedly in 1914, her mother moved the family in with her mother in Cement City, Texas (now part of Dallas). Bonnie Parker was beautiful and was 4-foot-11, 90 pounds. She did well in school and loved writing poetry. Bonnie dropped out of school at 16 and married Roy Thornton. The marriage wasnt happy, and Thornton began spending more time away from home. In 1929, he was charged with robbery and sentenced to five years in prison. They never divorced. While Roy was away, Bonnie worked as a waitress but was unemployed as the Great Depression got started toward the end of 1929. Early Life: Clyde Clyde Barrow was born March 24, 1909, in Telico, Texas, the sixth of eight children to Henry and Cummie Barrow. Clydes parents were tenant farmers, often not making enough money to feed their children. When he was 12, his parents gave up tenant farming and moved to West Dallas, where his father opened a gas station. West Dallas was a rough neighborhood, and Clyde fit right in. He and his older brother Marvin Ivan Buck Barrow were often in trouble with the law for stealing things such as turkeys and cars. Clyde was small, standing 5-foot-7 and weighing 130 pounds. He had two serious girlfriends before he met Bonnie, but he never married. Bonnie and Clyde Meet In January 1930, Bonnie and Clyde met at a mutual friends house. The attraction was instantaneous. A few weeks later, Clyde was sentenced to two years in prison for previous crimes. Bonnie was devastated. On March 11, 1930, Clyde escaped from jail using a gun Bonnie had smuggled in. A week later he was recaptured and sentenced to 14 years in the brutal Eastham Prison Farm near Weldon, Texas. Clyde arrived at Eastham on April 21. Life there was unbearable and he became desperate to get out. Hoping a physical incapacity would earn him a transfer, he asked a fellow prisoner to chop off two of his toes with an ax. It proved unnecessary; he was paroled a week later, on Feb. 2, 1932. He swore he would rather die than return there. Bonnie Becomes a Criminal Leaving prison during the Depression, with jobs scarce, made living in society difficult. Plus, Clyde had little experience holding a job. As soon as his foot healed, he was back to robbing. Bonnie went with him on one of these robberies. The plan was for the Barrow Gang- which included, at different times, Ray Hamilton, W.D. Jones, Buck Barrow, Blanche Barrow, and Henry Methvin, in addition to Bonnie and Clyde- to rob a hardware store. Although she stayed in the car during the robbery, Bonnie was captured and put in the Kaufman, Texas, jail, but she was released for lack of evidence. While Bonnie was in jail, Clyde and Hamilton staged another robbery in April 1932. It was supposed to be easy, but something went wrong and the general stores owner John Bucher was shot and killed. Bonnie now faced a decision: stay with Clyde for life on the run or leave him and start fresh. Bonnie knew Clyde had vowed never to return to prison and that staying with him meant death for both, very soon. Despite this knowledge, Bonnie decided not to leave Clyde, remaining loyal to the end. On the Lam For the next two years, Bonnie and Clyde robbed across Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Louisiana, and  New Mexico. They stayed close to a state border because police then couldnt cross  state boundaries  to follow a criminal. Clyde changed cars frequently by stealing one and changed license plates  more frequently. He studied maps and had an uncanny knowledge of back roads. Police didnt know then that  Bonnie and Clyde  made frequent trips to Dallas to see their families. Bonnie was close to her mother, whom she insisted on seeing every couple of months. Clyde frequently visited his mother and favorite sister Nell, which nearly got them killed several times in police ambushes. Buck and Blanche They had been on the run for a year when Clydes brother Buck was released from prison in March 1933.  Law enforcement wanted them for murder, bank robbery, auto theft, and robbing dozens of grocery stores and gas stations, but they decided to rent an apartment in Joplin, Missouri, for a reunion with Buck and his wife Blanche. After two weeks of chatting, cooking, and playing cards, Clyde noticed two police cars pull up on April 13, 1933. A shootout ensued. After killing one policeman and wounding another, Bonnie, Clyde, Buck, and Jones got to their car and sped away. They picked up Blanche, who had escaped the shooting, nearby. Although they got away, police found a trove of information in the apartment, including rolls of film with the now-famous images of Bonnie and Clyde in various poses holding guns and Bonnies poem  The Story of Suicide Sal,  one of two she wrote on the run. The pictures, the poem, and the getaway increased their fame. They evaded trouble until June 1933, when they had an accident near Wellington, Texas. Clyde realized too late that the bridge ahead had been closed for repairs. He swerved and the car went down an embankment. Clyde and Jones got out safely, but Bonnies leg was burned badly by leaking battery acid, and she never walked properly again. Despite her injuries, they couldnt stop for medical care. Clyde nursed Bonnie with help from Blanche and Billie, Bonnies sister. Ambushes A month later, Bonnie, Clyde, Buck, Blanche, and Jones checked into two cabins at the Red Crown Tavern near Platte City, Missouri. On July 19, 1933, police, tipped by locals, surrounded the cabins. At 11 p.m., a policeman banged on a cabin door. Blanche replied, Just a minute. Let me get dressed, giving Clyde time to pick up his Browning Automatic Rifle and start shooting. While the others took cover, Buck kept shooting and was shot in the head. Clyde gathered everyone, including Buck, for a charge to the garage. As they roared off, police shot out two tires and shattered a window, the shards severely damaging one of Blanches eyes. Clyde drove through the night and the next day, stopping only to change bandages and tires. At Dexter, Iowa, they stopped for rest at the Dexfield Park recreation area, not knowing police had been alerted to their presence by a local farmer who had found bloodied bandages. More than 100 policemen, National Guardsmen, vigilantes, and local farmers surrounded them. On the morning of July 24, Bonnie saw the policemen closing in and screamed. Clyde and Jones picked up their guns and start shooting. Buck, unable to move, kept shooting and was hit several times, Blanche by his side. Clyde hopped into a car but was shot in the arm and crashed into a tree. He, Bonnie, and Jones ran and then swam across a river. Clyde stole another car and drove them away. Buck died a few days later, and Blanche was captured. Clyde had been shot four times and Bonnie had been hit by numerous buckshot pellets. Jones, who was shot in the head, took off and never returned. Last Days After several months of recuperating, Bonnie and Clyde were back out robbing. They had to be careful, realizing that locals might recognize them and turn them in, as had happened in Missouri and Iowa. To avoid scrutiny, they slept in their car at night and drove during the day. In November 1933, Jones was captured and told his story to the police, who learned of the close ties between Bonnie and Clyde and their families. This gave them an idea: By watching their families, police could establish an ambush when Bonnie and Clyde tried to contact them. When an ambush attempt that month endangered their mothers, Clyde became furious. He wanted to retaliate against the lawmen, but his family convinced him this wouldnt be smart. Rather than seek revenge on those who had threatened his family, Clyde focused on the Eastham Prison Farm. In January 1934, they helped Clydes old friend Raymond Hamilton break out. A guard was killed and several prisoners hopped into the getaway car. One of those prisoners was Henry Methvin. After the other convicts went their own ways- including Hamilton, who left after a dispute with Clyde- Methvin stayed on. The crime spree continued, including the brutal murder of two motorcycle cops, but the end was near. Methvin and his family were to play a role in Bonnie and Clydes demise. Final Shootout and Death Realizing how tied to family Bonnie and Clyde were, the police guessed that Bonnie, Clyde, and Henry were on their way to visit Iverson Methvin, Henry Methvins father, in May 1934. When police learned that Henry Methvin had become separated from Bonnie and Clyde on the evening of May 19, they realized this was their chance to set up an ambush. Police assumed they would search for Henry at his fathers farm, so they planned an ambush along the road the outlaws were expected to take. The six lawmen planning the ambush confiscated Iverson Methvins truck and removed one of its tires, then placed it along Highway 154 between Sailes and Gibsland, Louisiana. If Clyde saw Iversons vehicle on the roadside, they figured, he would slow down and investigate. At 9:15 a.m. on May 23, 1934, Clyde spotted Iversons truck. As he slowed down, the officers opened fire. Bonnie and Clyde had little time to react. The police shot  more than 130 bullets at the couple, killing them quickly. When the shooting ended, policemen found that the back of Clydes head had exploded and part of Bonnies right hand had been shot off. Their bodies were taken to Dallas and put on public view. Crowds gathered for a glimpse of the famous pair. Although Bonnie had requested that she be buried with Clyde, they were buried in different cemeteries, according to their families wishes. Legacy Although they created a romantic image- two young lovers running from the big, bad cops, Clydes driving skills, Bonnies poetry, and her beauty- it was tarnished by the truth. Though they often captured police who caught up to them and let them off unharmed hours and hundreds of miles later, they killed 13 people, some bystanders slain during bungled robberies. Because they never got away with much money when they robbed banks, Bonnie and Clyde were desperate criminals, sleeping in the most recently stolen car and constantly fearing death in a hail of bullets from a police ambush. Still, they were the stuff of legend. Sources The Real Bonnie and Clyde: 9 Facts on the Outlawed Duo. Biography.com.10 Things You May Not Know About Bonnie and Clyde. History.com.

Midterm paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm paper - Essay Example Around me, I have an adoring music family; my father is a big fan of opera while my mother enjoys all classical and country music. Interestingly, both my grandparents listen to the old Taiwanese song every day and my sister who likes heavy metal and rock songs. In addition, I also play different categories of instruments since I started kindergarten. From the reading, Burnsed and Gordon took Piaget’s ideas of perceptual development and concept formation and applied them to music. Burnsed discusses Gordon’s application of Piaget’s four stages of development in relation to musical skills. First, sensorimotor stage, a child who is under two years old may identify the loudness, timbre, and pitch of the sound (Barrett, McCoy & Veblen 23). Secondly, pre-operational stage whereby a child who is between three to seven years old may include many movement experiences such as tempo. Thirdly, â€Å"concrete operations stage†, a child who ranges from seven to twelve can initiate intricate mental operations (Burnsed 27). Finally, from prescribed operations stage, a child who is above 12 can comprehend the cause and consequences. From these statements, it has allowed me to have a better acquaintance of how perceptual progress relates according to my music experiences (Burnsed 27). According to my parents and every child I have interacted with, it is evident that we are all very sensitive to any sounds since we were infants, especially the songs with high pitch and shrill timbre. My mother indicated that during our tender years she used toy with the small sands to make whispery sound to get our attenuation when she feeds us. When she talked, she has to talk in a lofty pitch accent like Mickey Mouse with a funny facial expression to make us chuckle, the same goes for my father. If they did not, we would just stare at our parents until they hoist their voice and make goofy faces. Moreover, my mother said that I have always needed the animal musical mobile when I

Models Comparison of Learning Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Models Comparison of Learning Theories - Essay Example On the other hand, the humanism theories perceive learning to be a process that is initiated by an individual in an attempt to fulfill their potential. This paper draws a comparison between the hierarchy of needs theory by Abraham Maslow, social learning theory by Albert Bandura and the attribution theory by Bernard Weiner. The three learning theories are based on certain assumptions. According to Bandura’s social learning theory, a change in behavior is the indicator of learning. It is grounded on the assumption that learning is largely influenced by the environment; this indicates that people learn through observing others. In addition, this theory agrees with the cognitive learning theory by emphasizing that the mental state of an individual is an integral part of the learning process. On the other hand, the attribution theory as developed by Weiner assumes that people have the tendency of determining causes of certain situations or behaviors. It deals with the cognitive processes and their influence on learning. It also observes that learning involves an integration of old knowledge and the new one. The attribution theory is founded on the view that people endeavor to attribute causes to behaviors. Finally, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory assumes that people desire to satisfy their needs in a systematic and hierarchical manner, such that when one need is satisfied when a person desires to satisfy a higher need in the hierarchy. Maslow came up with a pyramid made up of five levels of needs to be met hierarchically. According to Abraham Maslow (1943), the people’s needs fall into five categories. These needs are met consecutively, with one need being satisfied after the other. The physiological needs are the first to be satisfied followed by safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and finally, self-actualization needs. According to Maslow, what people need is a positive self-regard in order to achieve in their engagements.

The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: The Formation of Ident

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave details the progression of a slave to a man, and thus, the formation of his identity. The narrative functions as a persuasive essay, written in the hopes that it would successfully lead to â€Å"hastening the glad day of deliverance to the millions of [his] brethren in bonds† (Douglass 331). As an institution, slavery endeavored to reduce the men, women, and children â€Å"in bonds† to a state less than human. The slave identity, according to the institution of slavery, was not to be that of a rational, self forming, equal human being, but rather, a human animal whose purpose is to work and obey the whims of their â€Å"master.† For these reasons, Douglass articulates a distinction between the terms ‘man’ and ‘slaves’ under the institution of slavery. In his narrative, Douglass describes the situations and conditions that portray the differences betwee n the two terms. Douglass also depicts the progression he makes from internalizing the slaveholder viewpoints about what his identity should be to creating an identity of his own making. Thus, Douglass’ narrative depicts not simply a search for freedom, but also a search for himself through the abandonment of the slave/animal identity forced upon him by the institution of slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reader is first introduced to the idea of Douglass’s formation of identity outside the constraints of slavery before he or she even begins reading the narrative. By viewing the title page and reading the words â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, written by himself† the reader sees the advancement Douglass made from a dependent slave to an independent author (Stone 134). As a slave, he was forbidden a voice with which he might speak out against slavery. Furthermore, the traditional roles of slavery would have had him uneducated—unable to read and incapable of writing. However, by examining the full meaning of the title page, the reader is introduced to Douglass’s refusal to adhere to the slave role of uneducated and voiceless. Thus, even before reading the work, the reader knows that Douglass will show â€Å"how a slave was made a man† through â€Å"speaking out—the symbolic act of self-definition† (Stone 135).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first chapter of the narrative, Douglass introduces the comparison between slaves and animals, writing that â€Å"the larger... ...details the transformation of a slave to a man. The institution of slavery defined a slave as less than human, and in order to perpetuate that impression, slaveholders forbade slaves the luxury of self definition. Therefore, when Douglass finally rejects the notions about his identity forced on him by slavery, and embraces an identity of his own creation, he has completed his journey from slave to man. He no longer defines himself in terms of the institution of slavery, but by his own thoughts regarding what his identity is. Through the metamorphosis of his identity as â€Å"an animal† to an author who fights for the abolitionist movement, Douglass presents his narrative not simply as a search for freedom, but also a search for himself. â€Å"It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men." – Frederick Douglass Works Cited Douglass, Frederick. â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.† The Classic Slave Narratives. Ed. Henry Louis Gates Jr. New York: Penguin Group, 1987. Stone, Albert. â€Å"Identity and Art in Frederick Douglass’s ‘Narrative’.† Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism: Volume 7. Ed. Paula Kepos. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1990. 134-137.

Encyclopedic System of Herbert Spencer

The most extreme reflection of nineteenth-century individualism is to be found in the encyclopedic system of Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). Both his paternal and maternal ancestors were of a long English and French nonconformists, dissenters and rebels, and Spencer traces in his â€Å"Autobiography† his â€Å"conspicuous disregard† of political, religious, and social authority to the tradition of independence and dissent so long cherished by his family. Spencer†s education was informal, unconventional, and highly deficient in the more traditional studies of literature and history. His father encouraged his interest in the science and tecnology, and Spencer became an engineer. However, he practiced his profession for a few years, because he became increasingly interested in political economy, sociology, biology, and philosophy. He was a subeditor of The economist from 1848 to 1853, and then ventured into a full-time career as a free-lance author. As early as 1842 Spencer contributed to the Nonconformist a series of letters called The Proper Sphere of Government, his first major publication. It contains his political philosophy of extreme individualism and Laissez Faire, which was not much modified in his writings in the following sixty years. Spencer expresses in The Proper Sphere of Government his belief that â€Å"everything in nature has its laws,† organic as well as inorganic matter. Man is subject to laws bot in his physical and spiritual essence, and â€Å"as with man individually, so with man socially. † Concerning the evils of society, Spencer postulates a â€Å"self-adjusting principle† under which evils rectify themselves, provided that no one interferes with the inherent law of society. In discussing the functions of the state, Spencer is concerned with what the state should not do, rather than what it should do. Maintenance of order and administration of justice are the only two proper realms of government activity, and their purpose is â€Å"simply to defend the natural rights of man to protect person and property. † The state has no business to promote religion, regulate trade and commerce, encourage colonization, aid the poor, or enforce sanitary laws. Spencer went even so far as to deny the state the right to wage war; but as he says in his Autobiography, his â€Å"youthful enthusiasm of two-and twenty† had carried him too far in this respect. Viewing the nature of the state in evolutionary terms, Spencer is little interested in forms of government, such as the traditional distinctions of monarchies, aristocracies, and democracies. The two main forms of the state and society, according to Spencer, are the military state and the industrial state. The military state is the early form of social organization, primitive, barbarian, and geared to permanent readiness for war. The individual is no more than a means to an end set by the state: victory in war. Society is firmly organized, and every individual occupies the place assigned to him by the exigencies of militarism and authoritarian government. Status is the characteristic principle of the military society, and there is little mobility between classes and groups. Spencer defines the military state as one in which the army is the nation mobilized while the nation is the quiescent army. Showing unusual foresight long before total war was a reality, Spencer understood the impact of war on society as a whole, although his analysis of the military state refers to an early stage of society, it anticipates with remarkable accuracy the developments of the twentieth century. In the military state, Spencer says, the military chief is likely to be the political leader, and the economic activities of the industrial classes are oriented to the military needs of the state. There is massive corporation in a military state, but it is enforced and involuntary. Because the security of the state is the primary objective of all public actions. As the military state expands its territory and achieves stability over a long period of time, it gradually evolves into the industrial type of state and society. The way of life in the industrial state and society is based on voluntary cooperation, and the tendency is toward gradual elimination of elimination of coercion in all forms. Diversity, variety, and nonconformity characterize the industrial society with its emphasis on the value of the individual as the supreme end of government. The purpose of the industrial society is to assure the maximum liberty and happiness of its members, whereas the purpose of the military society is to increase its power by â€Å"rigid regimentation at home and imperialists conquest abroad. † In relation with other nations, the industrial society is pacific, eager to exchange the products of labor rather than to acquire wealth by force. As Spencer explains the members of the industrial society are therefore antimilitarist, anti-imperialist, cosmopolitan, and humanitarian. Free trade within and between nations is the formula of the industrial society, whereas economic nationalism is the ideal of the military state. In 1884 Spencer published four essays in the Contemporary Review, which were assembled in a book under the title, The Man Versus the State. It is his most famous work on politics and it is still the most influential statement of the Laissez Faire. In the first essay, â€Å"The New Tories,† Spencer attacks the English Liberals for abandoning their historical individualism in favor of social reform and the welfare state. According to Spencer, English Conservatives, like any conservative party, are the historical descendants of the principles of the military state, whereas the English Liberals, like liberals generally are the descendants of the industrial society. Moreover, Spencer also noticed that economic individualism, abandoned by Liberals, was more and more adopted by Conservatives, so that the roles of both parties came to be the opposite of what they had originally been. Therefore, the English Conservative would become the party of economic individualism and free enterprise, whereas the Liberals would accept public control of the economy. The second essay is â€Å"The Coming Slavery. † In it, Spencer refocus on the necessity that the laws of the society must not be interfered with the beneficent process of the survival of the fittest, and that interference with natural selection lowers the standards of society as a whole. Spencer stresses â€Å"on the official regulations to increase in a geometrical ratio to the power of resistance of the regulated citizens. † People get more and more accustomed to the idea that the state will take care of them, and therefore, they lose the spirit of initiative and enterprise. Spencer predicted that social-welfare programs would lead to socialization of the means of production, and â€Å"all socialism is slavery. † Spencer defines a slave as a person who â€Å"labors under coercion to satisfy another†s desires. † Under socialism or communism the individual would be enslaved to the whole community rather than to a single master. In his third essay, â€Å"The Sins of Legislators,† Spencer rejects the spread of government activity in social and economic areas. Progress is the result of the desire to increase personal welfare, and not the product of governmental regulation: â€Å"It is not the state that owe the multitudinous useful inventions from the spade to the telephone; it was not the state which made the discoveries in physics, chemistry, and the rest, which guide modern manufactures; it was not the state which devised the machinery for producing fabrics of every kind, for transferring men and things from place to place, and for ministering in a thousand ways to our comforts. † Spencer charges legislators with confusing â€Å"family ethics† with â€Å"state ethics. In the family, benefits received have little or no relation to merit. In the state, the ruling principle ought to be justice; therefore the relation between benefits and merits should be proportional. Spencer explains that the intrusion of family ethics into state ethics is a dangerous interference with the laws of nature and society, and slowly followed by fatal results. The last essay is â€Å"the Great Political Superstition. † In which Spencer says that the great political superstition of the past, was the divine right of kings. Whereas, in the present it is the divine right of parliaments. He attacks the doctrine of sovereignty as propounded by Hobbes and rejects the claim of â€Å"popular majorities for unlimited authority as being inconsistent with the inalienable rights of the individual. † Spencer concludes his book with the final reminder that government is not a divine institution but a committee of management, and that it has no intrinsic authority beyond the ethical sanction bestowed on it by the free consent of the citizens: † The function of Liberalism in the past was that of putting a limit to the powers of the king. The functions of true Liberalism in the future will be that of putting a limit to the powers of parliaments. † Spencer†s political ideas hardly changed between 1842, when he published his Proper Sphere of Government, and 1903, the year of his death. The constancy of his political thought in the face of rapidly changing social and economic scene explains why the same ideas that were the last word in radical individualism in the eighteen-forties had become the orthodox conservatism by 1900. And Spencer†s appeal to the English Liberals to return to their original individualism remained unheard, but he correctly foresaw that Conservatives would become the defenders of economic individualism. Spencer failed to see that the issue of the state intervention in the economy was essentially one of means and not of objectives, and that Laissez Faire could be progressive, dynamic, and revolutionary at one time –early 19 century-, and conservative, stagnant, and sterile at another time – late 19 century-.

The Colors of Sulfur

When you get right down to it, most the chemical elements have a ho-hum appearance. Silver. Gray. Silvery-White. Blue-Gray. Metals. Boring. Sulfur is different. The solid is bright yellow. If you melt sulfur, you get a blood-red liquid. If you set it on fire, you get a blue flame. About Sulfur Sulfur is a common element. Its necessary for life, yet some of its compounds are toxic. For example. though you can metabolize a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, it doesnt take much to induce respiratory paralysis, which can lead to death. Though hydrogen sulfide has a distinctive rotten egg odor, the gas also deadens the sense of smell, so you cant gauge exposure using your nose.